|
|
The Julio-Claudian Dynasty
| DATES OF REIGN |
EMPEROR |
NOTES |
| 16
January 27 BC to 19 August AD 14 |
Augustus |
| 19
August 14 to 16
March 37 |
Tiberius |
| 18
March 37 to 24 January 41 |
Gaius Caligula |
Assassinated |
| 24
January 41 to 13 October 54 |
Claudius |
Assassinated by poisoning |
| October 54 to 11 June 68 |
Nero |
Committed suicide |
'Later Claudian' Dynasty
| DATES OF REIGN |
EMPEROR |
NOTES |
| 8
June 68 to 15 January 69 |
Galba |
Murdered by Otho;
see: Year of the four Emperors |
| 15
January 69 to 16
April 69 |
Otho |
Committed suicide;
see: Year
of the four Emperors |
| 2
January 69 to 20 December 69 |
Vitellius |
Co-Emperor; murdered in the Forum;
see: Year
of the four Emperors |
Flavian
Dynasty
| DATES OF REIGN |
EMPEROR |
NOTES |
| 1
July 69 to 24 June 79 |
Vespasian |
AD70:
Pontifex Maximus Pater Patriae
co-Emperor;
see: Year
of the four Emperors |
| 24
June 79 to 13
September 81 |
Titus
Flavius |
| 14
September 81 to 18 September 96 |
Domitian |
Assassinated |
Nervan-Antonian Dynasty
| DATES OF REIGN |
EMPEROR |
NOTES |
| 18
September 96 to 27 January 98 |
Nerva |
|
| 28
January 98 to 7
August 117 |
Trajan |
| 11
August 117 to 10
July 138 |
Hadrian |
| 10
July 138 to 7 March 161 |
Antoninus Pius |
| 7
March 161 to 17 March 180 |
Marcus
Aurelius |
| 7
March 161 to March 169 |
Lucius
Verus |
| 175 to 175 |
Avidius Cassius |
Usurper; proclaimed Emperor: ruled
in Egypt and Syria; murdered by a centurion |
| 177 to 31 December 192 |
Commodus |
Co-Emperor with Marcus Aurelius to 17 March 180;
Murdered: strangled by a wrestler |
Severan Dynasty, African, Asian
and Syrian Emperors
| DATES OF REIGN |
EMPEROR |
NOTES |
| 1
January 193 to 28 March 193 |
Pertinax |
recognized as Emperor by Septimius Severus; murdered by soldiers on
the Palatine |
| 28
March 193 to 1
June 193 |
Didius
Julianus |
Sentenced to death by the Senate;
murdered on the Palatine |
| 9
April 193 to 4 February 211 |
Septimius Severus |
| 193 to 194/195 |
Pescennius Niger |
Claimant: Emperor in Syria |
| 193/195 to 197 |
Clodius Albinus |
Claimant: Emperor in Britain |
| 198 to 4 February 211 |
Caracalla |
| 209 to 4 February 211 |
Geta |
Murdered by Caracalla |
| 11
April 217 to June 218 |
Macrinus |
Executed |
| May 217 to June 218 |
Diadumenian |
Executed |
| June 218 to 222 |
Heliogabalus |
Assassinated |
| 13
March 222 to ?March 235 |
Alexander Severus |
Pontifex Maximus
Assassinated |
Rulers during the Crisis of the Third Century
| DATES OF REIGN |
EMPEROR |
NOTES |
| February/March 235 to
March/April 238 |
Maximinus Thrax |
Murdered by troops |
| earlyJanuary/March 238 to lateJanuary/April 238 |
Gordian
I |
Committed suicide |
| earlyJanuary March 238 to lateJanuary/April 238 |
Gordian
II |
Killed in battle |
| earlyFebruary 238 to earlyMay 238 |
Pupienus Maximus |
Murdered by the Praetorians |
| earlyFebruary 238 to earlyMay 238 |
Balbinus |
Murdered by the Praetorians |
| May 238 to
February 244 |
Gordian
III |
Murdered |
| 240 to 240 |
Sabinianus |
Proclaimed himself Emperor; defeated in battle |
| February 244 to
September/October 249 |
Philip
the Arab |
Killed in battle by Decius |
| 248 to 248 |
Pacantius |
Proclaimed himself Emperor; murdered by his own
soldiers |
| 248 to 248 |
Jotapian |
Claimant |
| 248 to 248 |
Silbannacus |
Usurper |
| 249 to
June 251 |
Decius |
Killed in battle |
| 249 to 252 |
Priscus |
Proclaimed himself Emperor in the Eastern provinces |
| 250 to 250 |
Licinianus |
Claimant |
| early251 to 1 July 251 |
Herennius Etruscus |
Killed in battle |
| 251 to 251 |
Hostilian |
| June 251 to
August 253 |
Gallus |
Murdered by his own soldiers |
| July 251 to
August 253 |
Volusianus |
Murdered by his own soldiers |
| August 253 to
October 253 |
Aemilian |
Murdered by his own soldiers |
| 253 to
June 260 |
Valerian I |
Co-Emperor with Gallienus; captured by Persians: died in captivity |
| 253 to
September 268 |
Gallienus |
Co-Emperor with Valerian 253 to 260; murdered |
| 258 or
June 260 |
Ingenuus |
Proclaimed himself Emperor |
| 260 |
Regalianus |
Proclaimed Emperor |
| 260 to 261 |
Macrianus Major |
Proclaimed Emperor; defeated and killed in battle |
| 260 to 261 |
Macrianus Minor |
Proclaimed Emperor; defeated and killed in battle |
| 260 to 261 |
Quietus |
Claimant |
| 261 to 261 or 262 |
Mussius Aemilianus |
Proclaimed Emperor |
| 268 to 268 |
Aureolus |
Proclaimed himself Emperor; surrendered to Claudius II Gothicus |
Illyrian Emperors
| DATES OF REIGN |
EMPEROR |
NOTES |
| 268 to
August 270 |
Claudius
II Gothicus |
Died of plague |
| August 270 to
September 270 |
Quintillus |
Co-Emperor with Aurelian;
committed suicide |
| August 270 to 275 |
Aurelian |
Co-Emperor with Quintillus;
murdered by the Praetorian Guard |
| 271 to 271 |
Septimius |
Proclaimed Emperor in Dalmatia;
killed by his own soldiers |
| November/December 275 to
July 276 |
Tacitus |
Murdered |
| July 276 to
September 276 |
Florianus |
Murdered |
| July 276 to lateSeptember 282 |
Probus |
Murdered by his own soldiers |
| 280 |
Saturninus |
Claimant: forced by his soldiers;
proclaimed himself Emperor; killed by his soldiers |
| 280 |
Proculus |
Claimant: acceding to the request
of the people of Lugdunum; killed by Probus |
| 280 |
Bonosus |
Proclaimed himself Emperor; defeated
by Probus and committed suicide |
| September 282 to
July/August 283 |
Carus |
| spring 283 to
summer 285 |
Carinus |
Co-Emperor with Numerianus; Murdered |
| July/August 283 to
November 284 |
Numerian |
Co-Emperor with Carinus |
Tetrarchy
'Collegiate Emperors'
of the Constantine Dynasty
| DATES OF REIGN |
EMPEROR |
NOTES |
| 20
November 284 to 1
May 305 |
Diocletian |
Co-Emperor with Maximian; Abdicated |
| 1
May 305 to 25 July 306 |
Constantius I Chlorus |
| 1
May 305 to May 311 |
Galerius |
Co-Emperor with Severus II |
| 1
April 286 to 1 May 305 |
Maximian |
Co-Emperor with Diocletian; forced to abdicate |
| August 306 to 16 September 307 |
Severus
II |
Co-Emperor with Galerius |
| 307 to 308 |
Maximian |
Abdicated |
| 28
October 306 to 28 October 312 |
Maxentius |
Drowned on order of Constantine I The Great |
| de jure: 307, de
facto 312 to 22 May 337 |
Constantine I The Great |
| 308 |
Domitius Alexander |
Proclaimed himself Emperor |
| 11
November 308 to 19 December 324 |
Licinius |
Co-Emperor; abdicated; (executed early 325) |
| 1
May 310 to July/August 313 |
Maximinus
Daia |
Co-Emperor; committed suicide |
| 337 to 340 |
Constantine II |
Co-Emperor; killed in battle |
| 337 to 361 |
Constantius II |
Co-Emperor |
| 337 to 350 |
Constans
I |
Co-Emperor; killed by Magnentius |
| January 350 to 11 August 353 |
Magnentius |
Co-ruler; committed suicide |
| c.350 |
Vetriano |
Proclaimed himself Emperor |
| c.350 |
Nepotianus |
Proclaimed himself Emperor |
| November 361 to
June 363 |
Julian
the Apostate |
Killed in battle |
| 363 to 17 February 364 |
Jovian |
Died accidentally |
Valentinian Dynasty
| DATES OF REIGN |
EMPEROR |
NOTES |
| 26
February 364 to 17 November 375 |
Valentinian I |
| 24
August 367 to 383 |
Gratian |
Assassinated |
| 375 to 385 |
Valentinian II |
Deposed; died in suspicious circumstances |
| 383 to 388 |
Magnus
Maximus |
Rival in the west; deposed and executed |
| c.386 to 388 |
Flavius
Victor |
Fate uncertain |
| 392 to 394 |
Eugenius |
Usurper in the west; killed in battle |
Theodosian
Dynasty
| DATES OF REIGN |
EMPEROR |
NOTES |
| 388 to 17 January 395 |
Theodosius
I the Great |
Co-Emperor; Emperor in the east from 379 |
| 23
January 393 to 395 |
Honorius |
Becoming Emperor in the west |
Western
Empire
| DATES OF REIGN |
EMPEROR |
NOTES |
| 395 to 15 August 423 |
Honorius |
Co-Emperor with Constantius III (421) |
| 409 to 410 |
Priscus Attalus |
Claimant |
| 414 to 415 |
Priscus Attalus |
Claimant |
| 409 to 411 |
Constantine III |
Claimant |
| 411 to 412 |
Jovinus |
Claimant |
| 421 to 421 |
Constantius III |
Co-Emperor with Honorius |
| 423 to 425 |
Joannes |
Claimant |
| 425 to 16 March 455 |
Valentinian III |
| 17
March 455 to 31
May 455 |
Petronius Maximus |
| June 455 to 17 October 456 |
Avitus |
| 457 to 2 August 461 |
Majorian |
Abdicated |
| 461 to 465 |
Libius
Severus |
| 12
April 467 to 11
July 472 |
Anthemius |
Executed |
| July 472 to 2 November 472 |
Olybrius |
| 5
March 473 to June 474 |
Glycerius |
Abdicated |
| June 474 to
August 475 |
Julius
Nepos |
Emperor in the West until 475, Emperor
in Dalmatia 477 to May 480; fled;
murdered |
| 31
October 475 to August 476 |
Romulus Augustus
(Romulus Augustulus) |
Deposed by Odoacer;
fate unknown |
Eastern
Empire
| DATES OF REIGN |
EMPEROR |
NOTES |
| 26
February 364 to 17 November 375 |
Valentinian I |
Co-Emperor with Valens 364 to 378 |
| 28
March 365 to 9 August 366 |
Valens |
Killed in battle |
| September 365 to 27 May 366 |
Procopius |
Usurper; executed by Valens |
| 24
August 367 to 383 |
Gratianus |
co-Emperor with Valentinian II (375 to 392); assassinated |
| 19
January 379 to 17 January 395 |
Theodosius
I The Great |
Co-Emperor in the west from 388 |
| 383 to
January 395 |
Arcadius |
Becoming Byzantine Emperor January 395 |
Gallic
Empire 260 to 274
| DATES OF REIGN |
EMPEROR |
NOTES |
| 260 to 268 |
Postumus |
| 269 to 269 |
Laelianus |
| 269 to 269 |
Marius |
|
| 269 to 271 |
Victorinus |
|
| 270 to 271 |
Domitianus |
Proclaimed Emperor
of the Gallic Empire |
| 271 to 274 |
Tetricus
I |
Britannic Empire 286 to 297
| DATES OF REIGN |
EMPEROR |
NOTES |
| 286 to 293 |
Carausius |
| 293 to 297 |
Allectus |
Eastern Empire
| DATES OF REIGN |
EMPEROR |
NOTES |
| 395 to 408 |
Arcadius |
| 408 to 450 |
Theodosius
II |
| 450 to 457 |
Marcian |
| 457 to 474 |
Leo I |
| 474 to 474 |
Leo II |
| 474 to 491 |
Zeno |
| 475 to 476 |
Basiliscus |
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